課程目的與內容： 
本課程將以維根斯坦後期著作《哲學探究》為主要討論對象。擬討論的主題包括：意義與使用、規則遵循、私有語言、自我指涉、心理學之特色等。我們將 仔細閱讀原著，並討論一些重要的詮釋（Saul Kripke, Crispin Wright, John McDowell）、以及詮釋者之間的辯論。課程內容將分為兩部分：第一部份，依相關主題來討論《哲學探究》，第二部份，討論Kripke, Wright, McDowell三人對維根斯坦的詮釋與他們彼此之間的辯論。 
本課程預期要達到的效果是，同學們將能透過閱讀維根斯坦來掌握當代語言與心理哲學的重要議題。適合對當代語言與心理哲學有興趣的同學來選修。 

課程形式：由老師針對閱讀文獻做補充與說明，並就其中的主要問題進行討論；要求同學在課前做閱讀、準備好問題、事先寄給老師。 

課程要求： 
1. 課堂參與(20%)：課前準備（上課前一天把把問題寄給老師）、正常出席、課堂討論、口頭報告、隨堂小考； 
2. 平時作業(50%)：針對每一個主題，都有一些指定問題，讓同學作答； 
3. 期末報告(30%)：哲學論文一篇，最好從平時作業自然地發展出來，必須有自己的立場、辯護明確的論旨。 

指定用書： 
1. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, translated by G. E. M. Anscombe, Blackwell 1958 (the 2nd edition) 
2. Saul A Kripke, Wittgenstein On Rules and Private Language, Harvard 1982. 
3. 其它相關文獻。 

The Later Philosophy of Wittgenstein, Class Schedule, 2008 Spring 

2/18 Introduction 
I. Reading Philosophical Investigations 
2/25 The Critique of Augustine’s Picture of Language: PI 1-64 
(1) Language-games: PI 1-25 
(2) The paradox of ostensive definition: PI 26-38 
(3) Subliming names: PI 39-64 
3/3 The Critique of Rule-Based Theories of Meaning: PI 65-133 
(1) The paradox of explanation: PI 65-88 
(2) Subliming logic: PI 89-133 
(3/10 Conference on the Philosophy of Brandom ; no class) 
3/17 The Paradox of Rule-Following: PI 134-242 
3/24 --continued-- 
3/31 The Private Language Argument: PI 243-275 
(1) The idea of a private language: PI 243-255 
(2) The paradox of private ostension: PI 256-268 
II. Debates Among Wittgensteinians 
4/7 Saul Kripke: Wittgenstein On Rules and Private Language, chs 1 & 2 
4/14 Saul Kripke: Wittgenstein On Rules and Private Language, ch 3 
4/21 --continued-- 
4/28 Crispin Wright: “Meaning and Intention as Judgement Dependent” 
5/5 John McDowell: 
(1) “Wittgenstein on Following a Rule” 
(2) “Meaning and Intentionality in Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy” 
5/12 --continued-- 
5/19 Crispin Wright 
(1) “Wittgenstein’s later philosophy of mind: sensation, privacy and intention” 
(2) “Self-Knowledge: The Wittgensteinian Legacy” 
5/26 John McDowell 
(1) “One Strand in the Private Language Argument” 
(2) “Intentionality and Interiority in Wittgenstein” 
(3) “Response to Crispin Wright” 
6/2 --continued-- 
6/9 Conclusion 
6/16 all papers due