一、課程說明

帕特南的著作甚豐，除了1951年的博士論文之外，其中最早者可以追溯至1954年的論文。他在許多的哲學領域都有獨特的貢獻（例如量子邏輯、功能論、關於實在論之討論等）；然而，他的哲學觀點也屢屢有所改變，例如他對一己所提倡的功能論之批評，即是顯著的例子。由於他的寫作時間長逾半個世紀，涵蓋的領域相當廣泛，要對他的哲學有全面而深入的掌握，並不是短時間能做到的事情，因此本課程的內容不免具有高度的選擇性。我們把焦點放在帕特南比較中後期（約55歲以後）的著作，而且重點放在他的內在實在論（interanl realism），以及它與其他相關的哲學觀點（如關於真理、指涉、合理性等等的觀點）之關連與互動變化。我們的研讀材料，多是他在一些著名講座的演講，此中多少會涉及帕氏某些哲學觀點（如真理觀、實在觀）之變遷，但我們無意完整地揭示、追溯其中的發展線索，我們所關心的，毋寧是（1）他的一些比較成熟的哲學（如形上學）的觀點為何？（2）支持這些觀點背後的論據是甚麼？（3）促成他改變某些觀點的要素有哪些？在本課程，我們也會注意帕氏後期往實用主義發展的傾向，尤其是他本人對一己立場與羅逖（Rorty）立場之比較，更是饒有興味。

本課程並沒有任何先修科目的要求，非常歡迎有興趣的同學參與。但由於這是哲學所的一門專題課程，因此閱讀量會比較多一些，平均每週至少需要閱讀20-25頁以上英文材料。一般而言，帕氏的文字相當平易，故在文字方面的障礙，應當不大。

二、指定用書

本課程的研讀的文獻，暫訂包含以下帕特南的著作：

(1)     "Brains in a Vat," "A Problem about Reference," and "Two Philosophical Perspectives," (the first three chapters) in Reason, Truth, and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp.1-74.

(2)     "Why There Isn't a Ready-made World" and "Why Reason Can't be Naturalized" in Realism and Reason. Philosophical Papers, vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, pp.205-47. (Howison Lectures)

(3)     "Is There Still Anything to Say about Reality and Truth?" "Realism and Reasonableness," "Reasonableness as a Fact and as a Value," in The Many Faces of Realism. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1987, pp.1-40, and pp.63-86. (The Lectures I, II and IV of Putnam's Paul Carus Lectures)

(4)     "Realism with a Human Face," (Kant Lectures) "A Defense of Internal Realism," "Truth and Convention" and "The Craving for Objectivity" in Realism with a Human Face. Edited by James Conant. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990, pp.3-42, pp.96-104, and pp.120-131.

(5)     "Realism without Absolutes," "The Question of Realism," "On Truth," "A Comparison of Something with Something Else," "Model Theory and the "Factuality" of Semantics," in Words and Life. Edited by James Conant. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994, pp.279-375.

(6)     Pragmatism: An Open Question. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.

(7)     "Sense, Nonsense, and the Senses: An Inquiry into the Powers of the Human Mind," (Dewey's Lectures) in The Threefold Cord: Mind, Body, and World. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999, pp.3-70.

(8)     "Richard Rorty on Reality and Justification," in Rorty And His Critics, ed. Robert Brandom (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000), pp. 81-87.

(9)     "Sosa on Internal Realism and Conceptual Relativity," in Ernest Sosa and His Critics, ed. John Greco (Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2004), pp. 233-248.

三、參考書籍

Peter Clark and Bob Hale (edited) Reading Putnam, Blackwell, 1994.

Urszula M. Zeglen and James Conant (edited) Hilary Putnam: Pragmatism and Realism, London and New York: Routledge, 2002.

四、教學方式

教學以演講與討論為主；學生需要作課堂報告，報告的次數視選課的學生人數而定。

五、教學進度

我們採取循序漸進的方式，講授、討論每一篇論文，務求對教材有充份的理解。

六、成績考核

課堂報告 30%   課堂參與 10%     期末報告一篇 60%

（期末報告的篇幅必須超過一萬字以上。）